Harry James, trumpet, directing: Jimmy Campbell, Red Berkin, James Grimes, Jim Troutman, trumpets; Vic Hamann, Ray Heath, Chuck Preble, trombones; Juan Tizol, valve trombone; Willie Smith, first alto saxophone; Eddie Rosa, alto saxophone; Corky Corcoran and Stuart Bruner, tenor saxophones; George Davis, baritone ...
Severance Hall
The Sections of the Orchestra. The typical orchestra is divided into four groups of instruments: strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.
The term orchestra derives from the Greek ὀρχήστρα (orchestra), the name for the area in front of a stage in ancient Greek theatre reserved for the Greek chorus.
Also, the string section usually has the most notes and highest percentage of melody, so it would make sense to put them in front, where they are visible–both to the audience and to each other–and have the best chance of being heard. ... Absil, so for the most precise ensemble playing, the strings need to be in the front.
A gamelan is a multi-timbre ensemble consisting of metallophones, xylophones, flutes, gongs, voices, as well as bowed and plucked strings.
The strings are the largest family of instruments in the orchestra and they come in four sizes: the violin, which is the smallest, viola, cello, and the biggest, the double bass, sometimes called the contrabass.
The instrumentation requirements of orchestras became somewhat standardized in the Classical Period (1750–1820), based on the compositional habits of the most prominent composers of the period (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven), which were in turn largely influenced by the possibilities of the instruments available to them.
Cadenza: A point near the end of a movement in a work such as a concerto where the orchestra will stop playing and the soloist will perform an elaborate passage showing his or her virtuosity on the instrument.
However, in English the term timpano is only widely in use by practitioners: several are more typically referred to collectively as kettledrums, timpani, temple drums, timp-toms, or timps. They are also often incorrectly termed timpanis.
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Timpani.
| A timpanist at work | |
| Percussion instrument | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Kettledrums, Timps, Pauken |
Orchestra members have to work together to make music. Children learn to wait to play their instrument at the proper time, learn to adjust to fit their movements and sounds with those of others. They are learning how to cooperate and collaborate, they are learning sympathy and empathy.
Orchestra Descriptions
Starting Minimum Salaries for US Professional Symphony Orchestras 2007Data from the American Federation of MusiciansAlabama Symphony $34,494 $54,210, Chicago Lyric Opera $54,210 $112,060, Cincinnati Symphony $88,260 $40,941Cleveland Orchestra $107,640 $114,4001.
The harp is the only plucked-string instrument to be a regular member of the orchestra. Guitars and mandolins occasionally appear, especially in operas. There can be anywhere from one to six harps, depending on the repertoire.
The word orchestra usually means the instruments only, i.e. strings, brass, woodwind, percussion, etc. If there is a choir singing with the orchestra then people usually talk about orchestra and chorus. If there are individual singers then they are usually called soloists.
You may be surprised that the saxophone is not here. This is the one instrument that is always found in bands and wind ensembles, but only very rarely plays in the orchestra. Although flutes may be made of wood, the orchestral flute is usually made of metal. It also does not have a reed.
Bowing. Bowing (Italian: arco) is a method used in some string instruments, including the violin, viola, cello, and the double bass (of the violin family), and the old viol family.
London
The women wear just about anything, as long as it is black. That's OK, but sometimes they are tempted to get too casual, and I have seen women wearing black jeans, and thick cloggy shoes. It spoils the appearance of the orchestra, so don't do that. Men, polish your shoes and comb your hair!
Conductors communicate with their musicians primarily through hand gestures, usually with the aid of a baton, and may use other gestures or signals such as eye contact. ... Conductors act as guides to the orchestras or choirs they conduct.