Who directs or heads an orchestra?

Arranging is the adaptation of an existing composition for performance on an instrument or voice or combination of instruments for which it was not originally composed. ... Orchestration is the art and craft of arranging a musical composition for performance by an orchestra or other ensemble.

The modern orchestra's woodwind section typically includes: flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons. The piccolo, cor anglais, bass clarinet, E-flat clarinet, and contrabassoon are commonly used supplementary woodwind instruments. The section may also on occasion be expanded by the addition of saxophone(s).

The network's highly praised Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra has lost 42 percent of its musicians over the past six months. ... El Sistema says 980,000 children and young musicians are currently part of its programs throughout Venezuela.

Major orchestra salaries range by the orchestra from a little over $100,000 to a little over $150,000. Principals, the ranking member of each orchestra section, can make a great deal more, in some instances more than $400,000. And most major orchestras play for a season lasting only about nine- months a year.

In an orchestra, the viola often has a larger role, providing the middle space between the violins and the lower strings. The viola is built on the same lines as the violin but is slightly larger.

Four most important string instruments in an orchestra are violin, viola, cello and double bass. Besides these four, a harp is also an integral part of pretty much every symphonic orchestra.

Orchestras most often play classical, instrumental music and you can quickly identify them by their characteristic mix of instruments from four main instrument families (more on those later). When orchestras are really large, we call them symphony orchestras.

Conductor: The leader of the orchestra, who provides the beat by moving his/her arms, usually with a baton in one hand, to keep all members of the orchestra together and ensure that players come in at the correct time.

Songe d'Automne
According to the authoritative book by Walter Lord, The Night Lives On,it was NOT a hymn but a popular waltz tune that was played as the final number by the Titanic musicians. That tune was "Songe d'Automne (Dream of Autumn).

Nomenclature. The principal conductor of an orchestra or opera company is sometimes referred to as a music director or chief conductor, or by the German words Kapellmeister or Dirigent (or, in the feminine, Dirigentin).

The first chair violinist of an orchestra—known as the concertmaster—is a vital musical leader with widely ranging responsibilities, from tuning the orchestra to working closely with the conductor.

“But soon after we got Tomb Raider, and suddenly everyone here started paying attention.” The 2003 score Tomb Raider: Angel of Darkness, written by Peter Connelly and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, was one of the first recorded orchestral videogame soundtracks, and was a galaxy away from the bleeps and ...

Four timpani
Most orchestras have four timpani of different sizes and tuned to different pitches and they are usually played by one musician, who hits the drumheads with felt-tipped mallets or wooden sticks.

During the romantic period, the orchestra had become a great force due to its increasing size including the following: woodwind - flutes and piccolo, oboes and clarinets, bassoon and double bassoons. brass - trumpets, trombones and French horns (tuba added later in the period)

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